miércoles, 1 de agosto de 2007

Palabras De Cada Día

Por: Wágner Pérez Eulufí
Profesor
E.mail.
w.perez.eulufi@gmail.com

Estimados amigos y alumnos de la Universidad Bolivariana, durante las pasadas semanas nuestra columna semanal la hemos dedicado a analizar de raíces griegas y latinas. Son estas un conjunto de fonemas que comparten las palabras de una misma familia, esto es, un conjunto de vocablos primitivos, derivados, simples y compuestos con un radical o raíz común. Veamos:

1. De la raíz latina "mort", "mortis" cuyo significado es "muerte", derivan giros como "mortaja" que significa "vestidura, sábana u otra cosa en que se envuelve el cadáver para el sepulcro" ; "amortajar" "poner la mortaja a un difunto" , el colosal poeta Walt Withman usa esta palabra de manera notable; "… aquel que camina una sola legua sin amor, camina amortajado hacia su propio funeral…" ; "mortuorio"; "Perteneciente o relativo al muerto o a las honras fúnebres"; "morteceino" "que está casi muriendo o apagándose". También son derivadas voces como: mortalidad, mortandad, inmorta, inmortalizar.
Los griegos por su parte para expresar la misma idea usaban "necro, ejemplo: "necrologia" que significa "noticia comentada acerca de una persona muerta hace poco tiempo; "necrófago" "que se alimenta de cadáveres"; "necrópolis" "cementerio de gran extensión, en que abundan los monumentos fúnebres"; "nigromancia" voz alterada de necromancia que significa "práctica supersticiosa que pretende adivinar el futuro invocando a los muertos"; "necrosis" "degeneración de un tejido por muerte de sus células"; "necropsia" "examen anatómico de un cadáver".

2. Del formante latino "ívoro" cuyo significado es "comer" derivan palabras como "herbívoro" que significa "dicho de un animal: Que se alimenta de vegetales, y más especialmente de hierbas"; "Frugívoro" "dicho de un animal: Que se alimenta de frutos; "omnívoro" "dicho de un animal: Que se alimenta de toda clase de sustancias orgánicas". También "carnívoro"
Los griegos expresaban esta idea con "fago", "antropófago" "dicho de una persona: Que come carne humana"; "necrófago" "que se alimenta de cadáveres"; "fitófago" "que se alimenta de materias vegetales".

3. De la raíz latina "dei" cuyo significado es "Dios", derivan voces como: "deidad" que significa "Ser divino o esencia divina", "cada uno de los dioses de las diversas religiones"; "Deicida" "se dice de los que dieron muerte a Jesucristo"; "deificar" "divinizar algo por medio de la participación de la gracia"; "deípara" "se dice exclusivamente de la Virgen María, por ser madre de Dios"; "deísmo" "doctrina que reconoce un dios como autor de la naturaleza, pero sin admitir revelación ni culto externo".
Los griegos, por su parte, enunciaban esta idea con la expresión "teo", en palabras como: "teogonía" cuyo significado es "generación de los dioses del paganismo"; "teocracia" "gobierno ejercido directamente por Dios, como el de los hebreos antes que tuviesen reyes", "sociedad en que la autoridad política, considerada emanada de Dios, se ejerce por sus ministros"; "teodicea" "teología fundada en principios de la razón"; "teología" "ciencia que trata de Dios y de sus atributos y perfecciones"; "panteón" templo dedicado en Roma antigua a todos los dioses Monumento funerario destinado a enterramiento de varias personas; "apoteosis", en el mundo clásico, concesión de la dignidad de dioses a los héroes. "ensalzamiento de una persona con grandes honores o alabanzas"; "ateo" formado por la partícula privativa o de negación "a" y teo, "politeísmo" cuyo significado es "doctrina de los que creen en la existencia de muchos dioses"; también "monoteísmo" "doctrina teológica de los que reconocen un solo dios".

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